目次
何をするか
外出先のインターネットからクライアントVPNを使って自宅NWに接続する。
OpenVPNサーバの構築
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yum install -y qemu-img |
必要なパッケージをインストール
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yum –enablerepo=epel install openvpn easy-rsa |
作業ディレクトリを作成してコピーして移動。
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mkdir /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa cp /usr/share/easy-rsa/3.0.7/* /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/ -R cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa |
CA(認証局)の初期化。
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./easyrsa init-pki |
CA(認証局)を作成。
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./easyrsa build-ca |
CA秘密鍵のパスワードが聞かれるので任意のパスワードを入力。
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Enter New CA Key Passphrase: Re-Enter New CA Key Passphrase: |
処理が完了すると以下のファイルが作成される。
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CA証明書：ca.crt CA秘密鍵：ca.key |
DH(Diffie-Hellman)パラメータの生成。
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./easyrsa gen-dh ・DHパラメータ /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/dh.pem |
サーバ用秘密鍵、証明書の作成
※nonpassオプションをつけるとパスフレーズを省略できる。
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./easyrsa build-server-full server_1 |
クライアント用証明書、秘密鍵の作成
※nonpassオプションをつけるとパスフレーズを省略できる。
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./easyrsa build-client-full client_1 |
CA秘密鍵のパスワードが聞かれるのでパスワードを入力
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Enter pass phrase for /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/ca.key: |
処理が完了すると以下のファイルが作成される。
サーバ用証明書：client_1.crt
サーバ用秘密鍵：client_1.key
OpenVPNのテンプレコンフィグをコピー。
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cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn*/sample/sample-config-files/server.conf server_1.conf |
メインの設定ファイルを編集。
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vi /etc/openvpn/server_1.conf #### ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp4 # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). #ca ca.crt ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt #cert server.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/issued/server_r.crt #key server.key # This file should be kept secret key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/server_r.key # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048 #dh dh2048.pem dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/dh.pem # Network topology # Should be subnet (addressing via IP) # unless Windows clients v2.0.9 and lower have to # be supported (then net30, i.e. a /30 per client) # Defaults to net30 (not recommended) ;topology subnet # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. #;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" #;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" push "route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. #;client-to-client client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. # Note that v2.4 client/server will automatically # negotiate AES-256-GCM in TLS mode. # See also the ncp-cipher option in the manpage cipher aes-256-cbc #auth sha256 # Enable compression on the VPN link and push the # option to the client (v2.4+ only, for earlier # versions see below) ;compress lz4-v2 ;push "compress lz4-v2" # For compression compatible with older clients use comp-lzo # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. #;comp-lzo comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. #;user nobody #user nobody #;group nobody #group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. #status openvpn-status.log status /var/log/openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). #;log openvpn.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log log /var/log/openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 # Notify the client that when the server restarts so it # can automatically reconnect. explicit-exit-notify 1 #### |
vpnux Clientの設定
vpnux Clientを起動して「プロファイル」→「追加」を押下する。
■一般設定
プロファイル名：任意
VPNサーバ：OpenVPNサーバのグローバルIP
デバイス：TUN
拡張設定：[LZO圧縮を有効にする]をチェック
CA証明書：「ca.crt」を選択
認証：「証明書認証（PKI）を使用」を選択
証明書認証（PKI）/証明書：「client1.crt」を選択
証明書認証（PKI）/秘密鍵：「client1.key」を選択
■詳細設定
追加セキュリティ設定：「TSL-Auth HMAC署名を使用」をチェック
追加セキュリティ設定/共有鍵：「ta.key」を選択
ログからのトラシュー
暗号方式を大文字で記載していた。
cipher AES-256-CBC → cipher aes-256-cbc
Fri May 15 10:44:27 2020 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from [AF_INET]61.86.178.47:1194
プロトコルのipv4の指定が抜けていた。
udp → udp4
Fri May 15 10:37:02 2020 Could not determine IPv4/IPv6 protocol. Using AF_INET